TWS119

Description	Treatment of a monolayer of P19 cells with 1 μM TWS119 causes 30–40% cells to differentiate specifically into neuronal lineages based on counting of TuJ1 positive cells with correct neuronal morphology (up to 60% neuronal differentiation occurred through the standard EB formation protocol with concomitant TWS119 treatment). TWS119 tightly binds to GSK-3β (K D = 126 nM) which is quantified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and further demonstrates an IC50 of 30 nM. TWS119 is found to potently induces neuronal differentiation in both mouse embryonal carcinoma and ES cells. TWS119 treatment towards hepatic stellate cells (HSC) leads to reduced b-catenin phosphorylation, induces nuclear translocation of b-catenin, elevates glutamine synthetase production, impedes synthesis of smooth muscle actin and Wnt5a, but promotes the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, Wnt10b, and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2c. TWS119 triggers a rapid accumulation of β-catenin (mean 6.8
Pathways	Wnt/Stem Cell PI3K/Akt/mTOR
Targets	GSK3

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